Cervical Cancer Facts
Prevalence: Cervical cancer is the 4th most common cancer in women, preceded by breast, colorectal, and lung cancers.
Cause: Cervical cancer is primarily caused by persistent infection with Human Papillomavirus (HPV).
What is HPV?
Definition: HPV is a viral infection transmitted through skin-to-skin contact and sexual activity.
Types: There are over 200 types of HPV:
Low-risk types: Generally cause skin warts; not cancerous.
High-risk types: Can lead to cervical changes and cervical cancer.
About 12 high-risk types exist, with two being the most common causes of cervical cancer.
Infection Dynamics:
Most healthy individuals clear HPV within 1-2 years, even if infected with high-risk types.
Those with weakened immune systems or repeated infections may struggle to clear the virus, increasing their cancer risk.
HPV Vaccination
Protection: The HPV vaccine protects against 9 types of HPV—2 types causing genital warts and 7 high-risk types associated with cervical cancer.
Optimal Timing: The vaccine is most effective when administered before the onset of sexual activity, typically starting at age 9.
Coverage: Most insurance plans cover HPV vaccinations for adults, although effectiveness may vary based on sexual history.
Importance of Screening
Regular Screening: Regular PAP smears are crucial for early detection of cervical changes.
Statistics: In 2022, there were over 600,000 new cases of cervical cancer, resulting in over 300,000 deaths, mainly in populations lacking access to vaccination, screening, and treatment.
Screening Guidelines
Start Age: Cervical cancer screening in the U.S. begins at age 21.
Frequency:
Ages 21-29: PAP smear every 3 years if results are normal.
Ages 30 and over: Screening can be every 5 years, depending on test results.
Testing Method: Screening is done via a PAP smear, in a medical office, where a sample is collected and sent for laboratory analysis.
New Developments
Self-Swab Approval: The FDA has approved a self-swab method for HPV screening, enhancing access and comfort. Production is pending.
Additional Information
Scheduling: You can now schedule a PAP smear with Grace Health!
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